CORONARY HEART DISEASE
Cardiovascular disease is currently the number one global killer, with a special emphasis on coronary artery disease. Coronary artery disease kills around 370,000 people annually (Cleveland Clinic, n.d.). Treatment for coronary heart disease is very expensive due to providing patients with necessary medications, surgeries, and doctor visits. According to the CDC, heart disease, which includes many forms of heart disease as well as coronary artery disease, cost the United States $252.2 billion between 2019 and 2020 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2023).
Coronary artery disease is a condition where the coronary arteries narrow or become blocked. Some signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease include chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and heart attack (Cleveland Clinic, n.d.). The long-term effects of coronary heart disease on a patient are the heightened risk of heart attacks, irregular heartbeats, and heart failure. The emotional impact of the disease can include anxiety and fear of potential heart attacks. Notably, atherosclerosis, hypertension, high cholesterol, poor diet, smoking, and diabetes can contribute to the development of coronary heart disease.
Some modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease include an unhealthy diet where high in saturated fats can increase LDL cholesterol and increase the risk of stroke and heart disease. The buildup of cholesterol and plaque from an unhealthy diet can also lead to atherosclerosis. Thus, it is highly recommended to pursue a healthy diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and folate, avoiding foods high in saturated fats. A non-modifiable risk factor for heart disease includes having a family history of heart disease, as well as old age.
References:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Heart disease facts. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/heart-disease/data-research/facts-stats/index.html
Cleveland Clinic. (n.d.). Coronary artery disease. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16898-coronary-artery-disease